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War
In most of the resources, authors say the roots of the war are much deeper (Langer & Lakes, 2002, page 11); however, the authors do not name the main reason of the war, but they define the act. For example, according to international law, war means armed conflict between two or more governments or states (Encarta, n.d., para. 1); another resource states war is a conflict among political groups involving hostilities of considerable duration and magnitude (Encarta, n.d., para. 1). Some resources try to name the causes of war like ideological, political, racial, economic, and religious conflicts (The Columbia Encyclopedia, n.d., para. 1).
First of all, we should understand that the essence of life is to be full (for surviving a person) and having generations (for surviving a nation). In addition, it is important to have some basic and necessary things, to make the circumstances better for survival of a person and a generation, like shelter, proper clothes and enough food. The condition of wealth and economy of a nation defines its level of life, culture, traditions and so on.
The act of killing began with appearance of the creatures on the Earth. Killing for survival is a law of the Nature. Animals and plants have not changed their behavior and still kill to eat or protect themselves. People do the same; meanwhile, people kill each other to occupy other people’s territories and resources, or to frighten those who do not agree with them in something. Sometimes certain groups of people do it just to become more powerful or to stay in power. Some wars happen when a group of people believes in an idea and tries to force others to accept the same idea. We call it war for idea. The main reason of the war is the power and domination over the people or a state just to attain natural resources.
In this research I am not going to write about invisible kinds of war like the cold war and globalism. I would say shortly that globalism is fighting for resources, especially for the cheap labor without incursion. There are some kinds of wars like war for territory and resources, civil war, liberation war, rebellions or insurrections, and war for an idea, but the causes may vary.
War for territory and resources is the most ancient kind of war between all kinds of creatures. Everyone or each group of creatures including people wanted to survive. Later on, this case, regarding people, takes another rate and goes beyond survival issues. People only wished to have the all the best for themselves. Conquerors not only did not stop taking their rival’s possessions, but also they began to have the surrendered ones as slaves (Encarta, n.d., para.2). One can find many examples about this period of history by reading history of Greece, Iran, China, Mongolia, England, the USA, and so on.
A promising land had such factors like a location in a flat place and suitable climate with black ground, forests and rivers. People wished to have more harvest and keep more animals, a territory located at a seaside for fishing and access to the alternative marine ways for trading. People also wished a location where there were mines of underground resources. The main issue was this point that every nation wanted to have the richest territory. The best example for this kind of war for territory might be the occupation of lands of the continents of America, Australia, Venezuela, and in more ancient times, Iran, Greece, and one of the newest ones like Israel.
This kind of war usually had a fatal result for both sides: even one nation could disappear or get mixed into the other nation. In all of history, the wars were numerous and sacrificed many people*.
Everything costs something. War costs not only millions of dollars, but also costs lives of thousands of people, scatters families, disables people, and orphans children. For instance, the estimates of total dead in World War II varies anywhere from 35,000,000 to 60,000,000 (Britannica, n.d., para. 2).
Civil war is a war between factions in the same country (WordNet, n.d., para. 1); the reason may be cultural, social, religious, political or economic disputes due to diametrically opposed and uncompromising ideas about the leadership, administration and management of the state. Since 1960, most countries experienced an internal armed war (Blattman, C. & Miguel, E., 2008, page 2, “Civil War”, page 2, para. 1). Historians tried to find reasons in the economic problems (Blattman, C. & Miguel, E., 2008, Page 1). The essence of the war is still the same e.g. being in power and domination on the resources of the country under the different slogans. Politicians just try to pretend that they talked on behalf of the people. It has happened and still is happening usually in non-democratic or undeveloped countries, rather than in democratic or developed countries. However, this war is changing its face and human beings try to solve their problems in the same society in a more peaceful way by having elections in consequence of progress and civilization now*.
War for the idea is visible between followers of the different ideologies, religions or even between the followers of the different interpretations in the same religion. Religion has come to the lives of people when they could not find the answer for questions, and they thought that there could be some superior powers or a creature which or who has created and is controlling everything. Religion is people's beliefs and opinions concerning existence, nature, and worship of a deity or deities, and divine involvement in the universe and human life (Encarta, 2008, para. 1). Ideology is a closely organized system of beliefs, values, and ideas forming the basis of a social, economic, or political philosophy or program (Encarta, 2008, para. 1). Fundamentalists not only try to encourage the others to believe whatever they believe, but also they try to force the others sometimes. Worst of all, some people do it for expanding religion on behalf of the God; as if they think that they are the only and “the chosen unique representatives” of the God on the Earth. They strongly believe that they can do what the God was not able or did not want to do! They are much wiser than the God because it is the best way to reach their aims with help of the, usually, illiterate or less literate people. They use ideology or religion as a powerful weapon with help of emotion of the less literate part of the society. The difference between ideological war and all other kinds of the wars is that people are not merciful, even to their own family members and relatives. There is no place for humanity; however, they talk about humanity. The “holy idea” stands higher than the all humanity values. The Crusades which were running from 1095 to 1291 are awful examples (Britannica, 2008, para. 2). This kind of war still is running in some parts of the world, where there are many illiterate populations, especially in undeveloped countries*.
There are two kinds of liberation movements, one is called National Liberation Movement and the second one is the People’s Liberation Movement. The first one occurs when national groups of a country get united and struggle against a foreign usurper of power; for example, battle of Indian national groups against English colonialism. The second one occurs when groups of people struggle against an inner power, for example, the battle which is going in Zimbabwe*.
From the beginning of life on the Earth, the vital problem for any kind of creature was survival. However, we have only one planet on which to live. We should try to find out how to solve the problem of wars. People say that war is the last way, when diplomacy is not able to do anything more. It means that war goes where there is no logic and right thinking. There are no statistics about how many wars were for territories, civil wars, wars for ideas, and/or internal wars happened and how many people were killed, disabled, or orphaned children in the result of the wars. Most wars are fought for economic reasons, but general population will rarely rally around the flag for such causes; therefore, other reasons are usually given for the purpose of any war. Politicians have to persuade mothers and fathers to send their sons towards an uncertain future. The civil war and World War II have been clothed in a mythology where they stated that the Civil War was fought for the purpose of "abolishing slavery" and World War II was fought to oppose "tyranny" or "Fascism" (Denson J. V., 2001, page 232). The leaders always try to prove that the war is a “Holy war”; nevertheless, they would not participate in those “Holy wars”. War can terminate or change the cultures, traditions, or languages, but one thing will remain as it was during all past centuries – a few people will try to approach their purposes and a lot of people will suffer. All these will be done just for staying in power and domination over the natural resources of a country.
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References
Blattman, C. & Miguel, E., (2008). “Civil War”, Article for the Journal of Economic Literature, June 2008, page 2, para. 1, from http://www.chrisblattman.org/JEL-Civil-War_11jun08.pdf
Britannica, (n.d.). “War”, para. 1, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/635532/war
Britannica, (n.d.). para. 2 from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/648813/World-War-II/53607/Costs-of-the-war
Britannica, (2008). Crusades, Christianity, Overview, para. 2, from http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/144695/Crusades
Denson J. V., (2001). “Reassessing the Presidency” page 232, para. 2, from http://books.google.ca/books?id=hJGpAT7IWhwC&pg=PA232&dq=economic+reason+of+world+war&lr=&as_brr=1
Encarta, (n.d.). “War”, para. 1, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761568576/War.html
Encarta, “Slavery”, (n.d.). I Introduction, para.2, from http://encarta.msn.com/encyclopedia_761556943/Slavery.html
Encarta, (2008). Meaning of religion, from http://ca.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=meaning+of+religion+
Encarta, (2008). Meaning of ideology, from http://ca.encarta.msn.com/encnet/refpages/search.aspx?q=meaning+of+ideology
Langer, H. J. & Lakes, F. (2002). The World War II 100, Netlibrary. NJ: New Page Books, c2002, page 11, from http://www.netlibrary.com/Reader/
The Columbia Encyclopedia, (n.d.). Sixth Edition, “War”, para. 1, from http://www.encyclopedia.com/topic/war.aspx
WordNet, (n.d.). WordNet Search - 3.0, para. 1, from wordnet.princeton.edu/perl/webwn
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